Con el nombre de galena se designaba antiguamente a los minerales de plomo pero también las escorias de plomo fundido. Plinio lo utilizaba con este último sentido. Actualmente ese término hace referencia al sulfuro de plomo, mineral de fácil distinción debido a sus caracterÃsticos cristales cúbicos de color gris plomo y brillantes. De los yacimientos con concentraciones importantes de este mineral se obtiene plomo, elemento que pese a su comprobada toxicidad es muy utilizado en diversas ramas industriales.
CaracterÃsticas generales
Fórmula: PbS
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Lustre: Metálico
Color: Gris plomo, algo más claro si contiene plata
Dureza: 2,5-2,8
Rareza: muy común
CaracterÃsticas distintivas: Hábito cristalino, fractura y quizás lo más importante, su densidad.
Grupo de minerales: Grupo de la Galena.
Formación y ambiente
Los yacimientos de galena casi siempre tienen un origen de tipo magmático hidrotermal, formándose por consolidación de los residuos del magma que quedan después de la formación de rocas como los granitos y las pegmatitas; en estos casos, el mineral aparece asociado a esfalerita, argentita, cuarzo y fluorita. También se puede presentar en ambientes sedimentarios; yacimientos que derivan de la concentración del mineral, originalmente diseminado en las rocas; con este tipo de génesis se relacionan los grandes yacimientos de galena que aparecen en las calizas y dolomÃas, en los que es tÃpica la asociación con esfalerita (sulfuro de zinc).
Accesorio, hidrotermal (baja y media temperatura), Ãgneo, postmagmático, sedimentario, filones.
Propiedades fisicas
Hábito: La galena cristaliza generalmente formando cristales cúbicos opacos de un caracterÃstico color gris plomo los cuales aparecen con aristas biseladas o vértices truncados, llegando a la forma octaédrica. Más frecuentes son las masas compactas granulares muy brillantes en las superficies de fracturas frescas, pero que con el transcurso del tiempo ennegrecen.
Lustre: Metálico
Transparencia: Opaco
Color: Gris plomo, algo más claro si contiene plata
Color en sección fina: Incolora
Raya: Negro grisáceo
Dureza (Mohs): 2,5-2,8
Tenacidad: Frágil
Exfoliación::
- Primera exfoliación: Perfecta en [001]
- Segunda exfoliación: Perfecta en [010]
- Tercera exfoliación: Perfecta en [100]
Fractura: Subconcoidal
Densidad: 7,2-7,6 g/cm3 (medida) | 7,6 g/cm3 (calculada)
CristalografÃa
Sistema cristalino: Cúbico
Clase (H-M): 3m (4/m3* 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Grupo espacial: Fm3m
Parámetros de la celda: a=5,936Å
Volumen de unidad de celda: V 209,16Ã…
Z: 4
Macla: Spinel Law twins
Difracción de Rayos X:
Difracción de Rayos XD(hkl) | Intensidad |
---|
2,969 | 100 |
3,429 | 84 |
2,099 | 57 |
Propiedades ópticas
Tipo: Opaco
Valores RI: nα= 1,658; nβ= 1,669; nγ= 1,669
Dispersión: Ninguna
Reflectancia: ReflectanciaD(hkl) | Intensidad |
---|
470.0 | 46,3 |
546.0 | 42,9 |
589.0 | 42,1 |
650.0 | 42,4 |
Propiedades quÃmicas
Fórmula: PbS
Elementos quÃmicos: Pb, S
Composición quÃmica: S: 13,40%, Pb: 86,60%,
Tests quÃmicos
Fusibilidad: 1; Mineral tipo: Antimonita; Punto de fusión: 525ºC; Funde con una cerilla
Reacción a los ácidos: Se disuelve en ácido nÃtrico.
Color de la llama: Azul pálido
Ensayos en tubo abierto: Libera vapores sulfurosos.
Formación de sublimados: Cubre el carbón con sublimados blancos y plateados.
Otros: Calentada con ioduro potásico y azufre en carbón forma un incrustación de color amarillo brillante
Otras propiedades
Magnetismo: No magnético
Relaciones con otros minerales
Miembro del grupo de minerales: Grupo de la Galena.
minerales
Fórmula: MnS
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 3-4
Brillo: Submetálico
minerales
Fórmula: PbTe
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 2-3
Raya: Negra
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: PbSe
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 2,5-3
Raya: Negra
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: PbS
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 2,5-2,8
Color: Gris plomo, algo más claro si contiene plata
Raya: Negro grisáceo
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Gris
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: (Ca,Mg)S
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 4
Brillo: Submetálico
Minerales acompañantes:
minerales
Fórmula: PbSO4
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 2-3
Color: Generalmente incoloro o blanco, puede tomar tonos amarillos, grisáceos o verdosos.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: Adamantino
minerales
Fórmula: BaSO4
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 2,5-3,5
Color: Variable predominando el blanco y el pardo tenue.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: Cu5FeS4
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3
Color: En superficie reciente es de color bronce pardo, pero al ser expuesta al aire se cubre rápidamente con una pátina jaspeada, púrpura y azulada (por eso se llama también mineral de pavo), y finalmente casi negra.
Raya: Negro grisáceo
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: CaCO3
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 3
Color: Incoloro puro; ofrece varias tonalidades de gris, amarillo, marrón, rojo, verde, azul y negro cuando hay impurezas presentes
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: PbCO3
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 3-3,5
Color: Incoloro, blanco, gris, azulado o verde.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: Adamantino
minerales
Fórmula: CuFeS2
Sistema de cristalización: Tetragonal
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Amarillo-latón, a menudo con iridiscencias
Raya: Negra verdosa
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: CaMg(CO3)2
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Incoloro, blanco, blanco rojizo, blanco grisáceo o blanco pardusco.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: CaF2
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 4
Color: Incoloro puro, pero dependiendo de sus impurezas puede ser blanca, verde, amarilla, anaranjada, rojiza o violácea.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: Au
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 2,5-3
Color: Amarillo caracterÃstico más o menos claro según la plata que contenga (variedad electrum). El oro y la plata forman una serie de soluciones sólidas por lo que la mayorÃa de oro contiene Ag. El de California contiene Cu
Raya: Amarilla
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: Fe2O3
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 5,5-6,5
Color: VarÃa desde parduzco, rojo sangre, rojo brillante y rojo parduzco a gris acero y negro hierro
Raya: Pardo rojiza
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: FeS2
Sistema de cristalización: Ortorrómbico
Dureza: 6-6,5
Color: Amarillo verdoso latón o bronce casi blanco
Raya: Negra grisácea
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: FeS2
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 6-6,5
Color: Amarillo latón
Raya: Gris, parda o negra verdosa
Brillo: Metálico
minerales
Fórmula: SiO2
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 7
Color: Blanco, transparente. Según variación también puede ser rosa, rojizo o negro.
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: FeCO3
Sistema de cristalización: Trigonal
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: Muy variable desde amarillento a pardo muy oscuro
Raya: Blanco
Brillo: VÃtreo
minerales
Fórmula: ZnS
Sistema de cristalización: Cúbico
Dureza: 3,5-4
Color: VarÃa entre amarillento y gris
Raya: Blanca a amarillo impuro
Brillo: Resinoso - graso
Yacimientos y localidades de interés
Los yacimientos más ricos de este mineral son los de EEUU de Missouri, Oklahoma y Kansas, cuyo centro más famoso es Joplin. Los yacimientos más importantes, por su producción y calidad, son los de Linares y La Carolina (Jaén), donde la galena aparece en casi todas sus variedades, asà como los de Canto Blanco (Córdoba) y Azuaga y Monasterio (Badajoz).
Localidades
- Capillitas mine, Andalgalá, Catamarca, Argentina
- Boddington, Mt Saddleback, Western Australia, Australia
- Colebrook Hill, Rosebery, Tasmania, Australia
- Cygnet, Tasmania, Australia
- Henty Mine, Tyndall Valley, Tasmania, Australia
- Mt Cleveland Mine, Luina, Tasmania, Australia
- Mt Isa Mine, Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia
- Mt Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New South Wales, Australia
- Proprietary mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
- Red Lead mine, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia
- Trial Harbour nickel mine, Remine, Tasmania, Australia
- West Comet Mine, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia
- Annaberg, Lower Austria, Austria
- Bleiberg district, Kärnten, Austria
- Brandrücken, Kärnten, Austria
- Neufinkenstein-Grabanz, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Finkenstein, Villach, Kärnten, Austria
- Rauris valley, Salzburg, Austria
- Rotgülden, Salzburg, Austria
- Schellgaden, Salzburg, Austria
- Schwaz-Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria
- Walchen slags, Öblarn, Liezen, Steiermark, Austria
- Engis, Liege, Walloon, Belgium
- Longvilly, Luxembourg, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
- Seilles, Namur, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
- Aliada Mine, Colquechata Mt., Chayanta, Potosà Dept, Bolivia
- Animas mine, Chocoya, Sud-Chicas, Potosà Dept, Bolivia
- Cerro Rico Mt., PotosÃ, City, Potosà Dept, Bolivia
- Hiaco mine, Chayanta, Potosà Dept, Bolivia
- Oruro City, Oruro Dept., Bolivia
- Pulacayo mine, Huanchaca, Potosà Dept, Bolivia
- San José and Itos mines, Oruro Dept., Bolivia
- Boqueirãozinho pegmatite, Parelhas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Chapada Diamantina, Serra de Mangabeira, Bahia, Brazil
- Lavra do Énio pegmatite, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Deveti Septemvri Mine, Madan, Rhodope Mtns., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Madan, Rhodope Mtns., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- South Petrovista Mine, Madan, Rhodope Mtns., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Beaverdell, British Columbia, Canada
- Cadesky Vein, Hi-Ho mine, Cobalt, Timiskaming district, Ontario, Canada
- Davis Quarry, Dungannon Township, Bancroft, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada
- Demix-Varennes quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Varennes, Verchéres Co., Québec, Canada
- Dundas Quarry, Wentworth Co., Ontario, Canada
- East Kemptville Tin Mine, East Kemptville, Yarmouth Co., Nova Scotia, Canada
- Francon quarry, St-Michel distr., Montreal Island, Québec, Canada
- Highland Bell mine, Beaverdell, British Columbia, Canada
- Ice River complex, British Columbia, Canada
- Jeffrey pit, Asbestos, Shipton Twp., Richmond Co., Québec, Canada
- Lac Nicolet mine, Ham Sud, Wolfe Co., Québec, Canada
- Lincoln Quarry, Beamsville, Ontario, Canada
- MacDonald mine, Monteagle Township, Bancroft, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada
- Mount Hundere, near Watson Lake, Southern Yukon Territory, Canada
- Mt Hundere, near Watson Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada
- Mt St.-Hilaire, Rouville Co., Québec, Canada
- Nanisivik Mine, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Canada
- Port Radium, Northwest Territories, Canada
- Silvana mine, Sandon, British Columbia, Canada
- Silver Islet mine, Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada
- Society Girl Mine, Kootenay region, British Columbia, Canada
- Van Silver mine, Brandywine Creek, British Columbia, Canada
- Kaiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Alexander Gallery, Vrancice, PrÃbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
- Bohutin, PrÃbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
- Borovec, Zdar nad Sazavou, Maehren, Czech Republic
- Horni Hostice, Maehren, Czech Republic
- Hurky, Stredocesky kraj, Bohemia, Czech Republic
- Kank, Kutna Hora, Stredocesky kraj, Bohemia, Czech Republic
- Krupka, Krusne Hory, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
- Lill mine, Brezove hory (Birkenberg), PrÃbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
- Litce nad Orlici, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
- Medenec (Kupferberg), Chomutov, Krusne Hory, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
- Moldava, Teplice, Krusne Hory, Vychodocesky, Czech Republic
- Policany, Kutna Hora, Czech Republic
- Predborice, Stredocesky kraj, Bohemia, Czech Republic
- Trebsko Deposit, PrÃbram, Stredocesky, Czech Republic
- Backway Cove, near Trebarwith, Cornwall, England
- Ball Eye quarry, Bosnal, Derbyshire, England
- Bannerdale Graphite Mine, Mungrisdale, Cumbria, England
- Barrow Mine, Braithwaite, Cumbria, England
- Billings Hill, Mine at Slitt, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Blackbeck Tarn, Buttermere, Cumbria, England
- Blackdene mine, Ireshopeburn, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Blue Circle Cement Quarry, Eastgate, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Boltsburn mine, Rookhope, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Bonsall Moor Quarry, Winster, Derbyshire, England
- Bonser Mine, Coniston copper mines, Cumbria, England
- Bounds Cliff, St. Endellion, Cornwall, England
- Brae Fell mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Brandelhow Mine, Brandlehow, Cumbria, England
- Brandholme Mine, Glenderaterra Valley, Cumbria, England
- Brandy Gill Lead mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Brownley Hill Pb-Zn mine, Nenthead, Cumbria, England
- Burgham mine, Shelve, Shropshire, England
- Burtness Wood, Buttermere, Cumbria, England
- Carlside, Skiddaw, Cumbria, England
- Carrock End mine (Queen mine), Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Carrock mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Castle Nook Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
- Chiverton mine, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England
- Clevedon Beach, Somerset, England
- Clevedon, Avon, England
- Closehouse Mine, Lunedale, Co. Durham, England
- Coldstones Quarry, Greenhow, Yorkshire, England
- Coniston Copper Mines, Coniston, Cumbria, England
- Crich Quarry, Crich, Derbyshire, England
- Croft Gothal mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England
- Croft quarry, Leicestershire, England
- Crossgill Mine, Frizington, Cumbria, England
- Dale Head Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
- Dean quarry, St. Keverne, Cornwall, England
- Deer Hills Baryte mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Dirtlow Rake, Castleton, Derbyshire, England
- Dovedale Farm., Hardwick Hall, Nottinghamshire, England
- Driggith Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Dry Gill mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Dutchman Level Dump, Ecton Hill, Wetton, Staffordshire, England
- Eagle Crag Mine, Patterdale, Cumbria, England
- East Tamar mine, Devon, England
- Ejam, Derbyshire, England
- Embleton quarry, Embleton, Cumbria, England
- Emerson Vein, Brandy Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Engine Vein, Alderley Edge, Shropshire, England
- Fall Gate quarry, near Ashover, Derbyshire, England
- Fallowfield Mine, Acomb, Northumberland, England
- Fast Tamar mine, Devon, England
- Fleetwith Pike, Buttermere Fell, Cumbria, England
- Flory Island, Watergate Bay, Cornwall, England
- Force Crag Mine, Keswick, Cumbria, England
- Frazer's Hush mine, Rookhope, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Gate Gill Mine, Threlkeld, Cumbria, England
- Glendaterra Lead mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Goat Crag, Borrowdale, Cumbria, England
- Goldscope Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
- Golestones quarry, Yorkshire, England
- Graphite Mine, Seathwaite, Cumbria, England
- Grasshill Mine, Teesdale, Co. Durham, England
- Greenside mine, Patterdale, Cumbria, England
- Gregory mine, Ashover, Derbyshire, England
- Greystones quarry, Lezant, Cornwall, England
- Hampstead Farm quarry, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire, England
- Hartsop Hall Mine, Brothers Water, Cumbria, England
- Healds Wood, Stanton Hill, Nottinghamshire, England
- Healeyfield Mine, Consett, Co. Durham, England
- Heights mine, Eastgate, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Heights Quarry, Westgate, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Hellens Mine, Tilberthwaite, Cumbria, England
- Helvellyn Mine, Thirlmere, Cumbria, England
- Herodsfoot mine, Lanreath, Cornwall, England
- Herrods Hill, Huthwaite, Nottinghamshire, England
- Higher Pitts mine, Priddy, Mendip Hills, Somerset, England
- Hilton mine, Scordale, Cumbria, England
- Ingray Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Isolation Mine, Snelstone Nr Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England
- Judkins quarry, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, England
- Kinniside Mine, Cleaton Moor, Cumbria, England
- Ladywell mine, Shelve, Shropshire, England
- Le Pelley's shaft, Little Sark, Channel Islands, England
- Longlands Fell Mine, Uldale, Cumbria, England
- Low Wax Knott, Buttermere, Cumbria, England
- Loweswater Mine, Loweswater, Cumbria, England
- Manesty Vein, Grange, Borrowdale, Cumbria, England
- Matlock, Derbyshire, England
- Meden Bank, Stanton Hill, Nottinghamshire, England
- Meldon BR Quarry, Okehampton, Devon, England
- Merehead quarry, near Cranmore, Mendips, Somerset, England
- Mexico mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Millclose mine, Wensley, Derbyshire, England
- Millrigg Mine, Staveley, Cumbria, England
- Milltown Quarry, Ashover, Derbyshire, England
- Mottram St.Andrew, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
- Myers Head Mine, Hartsop, Cumbria, England
- Nether Row Brow, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- New Venture Level, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
- Newdigate Colliery, Nr. Bedworth, Warwickshire, England
- Old Millclose Mine, Matlock, Derbyshire, England
- Old Potts Gill mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Old Sandbeds Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Old Wham Vein, Castleton, Derbyshire, England
- Open cast Mine, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
- Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England
- Penlee quarry, Newlyn, Cornwall, England
- Pentire Glaze mine, St. Minver, Cornwall, England
- Pike Lane Opencut, Winster Moor, Derbyshire, England
- Poddy Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Poldice mine, St. Day, Cornwall, England
- Rampgill Mine, Nenthead, Cumbria, England
- Raper Mine, Alport, Derbyshire, England
- Red Gill mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Rogerley Mine, Frosterley, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Rorrington Mine, Chirbury, Shropshire, England
- Rotherhope Fell Mine, Alston, Cumbria, England
- Roughton Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Sacheveral Farm, Winster, Derbyshire, England
- Sandbeds mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Shap Blue Quarry, Shap, Cumbria, England
- Shap Pink Quarry, Shap, Cumbria, England
- Short Grain, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Silver Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England
- Slayley Quarry, Bonsal, Derbyshire, England
- Smallcleugh mine, Nenthead, Cumbria, England
- Snailbeach mine, Snailbeach, Shropshire, England
- Stancombe Quarry, Flax Bourton, Somerset, England
- Stoneycroft Mine, Braithwaite, Cumbria, England
- Stormy point, Alderly Edge, Cheshire, England
- Thief Gills, Roughtongill, Cumbria, England
- Thornthwaite Mine, Thornthwaite, Cumbria, England
- Threlkeld Quarry, Threlkeld, Cumbria, England
- Tilberthwaite Gill, Tilberthwaite, Cumbria, England
- Tolcarne mine, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
- Tresavean mine, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
- Trevinnick mine, St. Kew, Cornwall, England
- Tynebottom mine, Garrigill, Cumbria, England
- Vale Road Quarry, Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire, England
- Wanthwaite Mine, St. John's in the Vale, Cumbria, England
- Wapping mine, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, England
- Waterbank mine, Ecton, Staffordshire, England
- Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- West Mine, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
- West Pastures Mine, Stanhope, Weardale, Co. Durham, England
- Wetgrooves Mine, Aysgarth, Yorkshire, England
- Whatley Quarry, Wells, Somerset, England
- Wheal Friendship, Mary Tavy, Devon, England
- Wheal Gorland, Gwennap, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Hope, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Jane, Kea, Truro, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Mary Ann, Menheniot, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Penrose, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Penrose, Porthleven, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Rose, Newlyn, Cornwall, England
- Wheal Wrey, Liskeard, Cornwall, England
- Whiteoak Beck, High Nook, Loweswater, Cumbria, England
- Windy Brow Vein, Tynehead, Cumbria, England
- Windy Knoll Quarry, Castleton, Derbyshire, England
- Wirksworth, Rent Tor, Derbyshire, England
- Wood mine, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
- Woodend Mine, Threlkeld, Cumbria, England
- Woodleaze Quarry, Tytherington Quarries, Gloucestershire, England
- Wyndham Pit, Nr. Egremont, Cumbria, England
- Yewthwaite Mine, Newlands Valley, Cumbria, England
- Jokisivu (Kujankallio), Huittinen, Turku-Pori, Finland
- Cap Garonne, Le Pradet, Var, France
- Chessy-les-Mines, Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Falgayrolles, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France
- Huelgoat, Poullaouen, Brittany, France
- La Pacaudière, Le Crozet, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Le Vialas, Lozère, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
- Les Farges mine, Corrèze, Limousin, France
- Mas d'Alary, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
- Monsols, Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Tistoulet mine, Padern, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
- Anton mine, Heubachtal, Wittichen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Artenberg quarry, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Bärensteinbruch quarry, Radautal, Bad Harzburg, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Biseschacht am Iberg, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Christophstal, Freudenstadt, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Clara mine, Oberwolfach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Daniel mine, Schneeberg, Sachsen, Germany
- Dreikönigstern, Reinerzau, Alpirsbach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Erzengel Gabriel mine, Einbachtal, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Floßberg mine, Bad Lauterberg, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Gangzug Prinzbach, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Geigeshalde / Falkenstein, Schramberg, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Glückauf mine, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Glücksrad mine, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Hechtsberg quarry, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Heimberg quarry, Möncheholz, Langelsheim, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Herzog-Julius-Hütte, Goslar, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Hilfe Gottes mine, Wiemannsbucht, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Himmelfürst mine, Freiberg, Sachsen, Germany
- Huneberg quarry, Bad Harzburg, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Johann mine, Wittichen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Kafersteige mine, Pforzheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Kälbelberg, Baden-Baden, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Kautenbach mine, Bernkastel-Kues, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
- Kirchheimerstollen, Müllenbach, Baden-Baden, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Lautenthaler Hütte, Langelsheim, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Ludwig mine, Aldersbachtal, Hausach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Neudorf, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Rammelsberg mine, Goslar, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Ramsbeck, Sauerland, Thüringen, Germany
- Rappold mine, Schneeberg, Sachsen, Germany
- Schweina-Glücksbrunn, Bad Liebenstein, Eisenach, Thüringen, Germany
- Silberbrünnle mine, Kinzigtal, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- St. Andreasberg, Hartz Mts, Niedersachsen, Germany
- Uranlagerstatte Mullenbach, Baden-Baden, Germany
- Wenzel mine, Oberwolfach, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Winterberg quarry, Bad Grund, Harz Mts, Sachsen, Germany
- Chondro Vuono, Milos, Kikladhes, Southern Aegean, Greece
- Hilarion adit, Agios Konstandinos, Laurion, Attica, Greece
- Ilimaussaq, West Greenland
- Ivigtut, Arsuk Fjord, Greenland
- Nanna pegmatite, Narsaarsuup Qaava, Greenland
- Winterswijk, Gelderland, Holland
- Ballycormick, Shanagolden, Co. Limerick, Ireland
- Ballycorus mine, Dublin, Co. Dublin, Ireland
- Ballyhighland mine, Co. Wexford, Ireland
- Keel, Co. Longford, Ireland
- Killiney, Co. Dublin, Ireland
- Mogul mine, Silvermines district, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
- Navan mine, Navan, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Silvermines district, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
- Vale of Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland
- Ballacorkish Mine, Colby, Bradda, Isle of Man
- Cross's Mine, Foxdale, Glen Rushen, Isle of Man
- Great Laxey Mine, Laxey, Isle of Man
- North Laxey Mine, Laxey, Isle of Man
- Old Foxdale Mine, Foxdale, St Johns, Isle of Man
- Snaefell Mine, Laxey, Snaefell, Isle of Man
- Baccu Locci mine, Villaputzu, Sardinia, Italy
- Buca della Vena mine, Stazzema, Alpe Apuane, Lucca, Tuscany, Italy
- Carrara, Tuscany, Italy
- Is Murvonis Mine, Domusnovas, Iglesias district, Sardinia, Italy
- Mount Vesuvius, Naples, Campania, Italy
- Seravezza, Tuscany, Italy
- Tiny mine, Sardinia, Italy
- Val Graveglia, Liguria, Italy
- Valdicastello Carducci, Lucca, Italy
- Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki-mura, Minamitsugaru, Aomori Pref., Japan
- Sarbay silver mine, Rudni, Kusteni Oblast, Kazakhstan
- Chaidarkan, Alai, Kyrgyzstan
- Chauvay, Alai, Kyrgyzstan
- Mt Malosa, Zomba, Malawi
- Ahumada & Erupcion mines, Sierra de Los Lamentos, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Batopilas district, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Boleo, Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico
- Mina Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico
- Naica, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Abaneb West mine, Otavi, Namibia
- Alt Bobos mine, Otavi, Namibia
- Aris quarry, Windhoek, Namibia
- Auros, Otavi, Namibia
- Berg Aukas, Otavi, Namibia
- Harasib Prospects, Otavi, Namibia
- Khorixas, Namibia
- Kombat mine, Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia
- Nosib mine, Otavi, Namibia
- Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia
- Tsumeb West Vanadium mine, Otavi, Namibia
- Tsumeb, Namibia
- Uitsab mine, Otavi, Namibia
- Wolkenhaben, Otavi, Namibia
- Kongsberg, Buskerud, Norway
- Lake Gjerdingen, Nordmarka, Oslo, Norway
- Colquijirca mine, Tinyahuarco district, Pasco Province, Pasco Dept., Peru
- Uchucchacua District, Dos de mayo Prov., Huanuco Dept., Peru
- Olkusz, Silesia, Poland
- Panasqueira mine, Panasqueira, Beira-Beixa, Portugal
- Baita Mine, Nucet, Bihor Co., Western Carpathians, Romania
- 1st Sovietski mine, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- 2nd Sovietski mine, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Aldan Shield, Yakutiya, Siberia, Russia
- Bor, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Dodo mine, Polar Urals, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
- Ekaterinberg, Sverdlovsk, Ural Mts., Russia
- Kochkar, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Mt Koashva, Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
- Murun massif, Davan, Torgo river basin, Aldan Shield, Yakutia, Siberia, Russia
- Mutnovskoe, Kamchatka, Russia
- Nikolaevskiy, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Nikolai Mine, Dal'negorsk, Russia
- Polar Urals, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
- Puiva, Saranpual, Polar Urals, Russia
- Rodnikovoe, Kamchatka, Russia
- Sadoviy, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Sentyabr'skiy, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Verchniy Mine, Dal'negorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
- Monteponi, Iglesias, Sardinia
- Coir Loch Kander, Braemar, Grampian, Scotland
- East and West Blackcraig mine, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland
- High Prin Mine, Wanlock Dod, Wanlockhead, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
- Hilderston Quarry, West Lothian, Scotland
- Leadhills-Wanlockhead district, Strathclyde/Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
- Loanhead quarry, near Beith, Strathclyde, Scotland
- Lossiemouth mine, Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland
- Mannoch Hill Mine, Lesmahgow, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
- Meadowfoot Smelter, Wanlockhead, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland
- Muirshiel Mine, Renfrewshire Heights, Scotland
- New Glencrieff Mine, Wanlockhead, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland
- Silver Glen, Clackmannanshire, Scotland
- Whitesmith mine, Strontian, Argyll & Bute, Scotland
- Mezica mine, Mezica, Slovenia
- Elandsrand Gold Mine, West Wits Line, South Africa
- N'Chwaning II mine, Kalahari, Cape Province, South Africa
- Horcajo mines, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Rio Tinto mines, Huelva, Spain
- Långban mines, Bergslagen ore district, Värmland, Sweden
- Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Valais, Switzerland
- Dara-i-Pioz, Alayskiy Range, Garm, Tajikistan
- Nikitovka deposit, Donbass, Ukraine
- "Bradbury Mt. Gold & Silver"" mine, Woodstock, Oxford Co., Maine, USA"
- "Redstone Red Granite"" quarry, Conway, Carroll Co., New Hampshire, USA"
- 79 Mine, Banner District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
- Acton mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Alaska Mine, Poughkupsie Gulch (Silverton District), San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Altoona, Blair Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Amax Buick mine, Bixby, Viburnum Trend, Missouri, USA
- American Eagle Mine, Elk Mts. Area, Gunnison Co., Colorado, USA
- American mine, Bingham Canyon, Salt Lake Co., Utah, USA
- Amethyst lode, Creede, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA
- Androscoggin Tourmaline Prospect, Auburn, Androscoggin Co., Maine, USA
- Apache Mine, near Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
- Argentine Tunnel, Ouray, Ouray Co., Colorado, USA
- Atlantic/Blue Hill/Oven/Douglas/Granger etc, Blue Hill, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Atwood mine, Lisbon, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Bachelor Mine, Creede, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA
- Bagdad Copper mine, 7-U-7 Ranch, Hillside, Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
- Baker Mine, Davis Mts., Caldwell Co., North Carolina, USA
- Bald Mt. Area mines, Lead, Lawrence Co., South Dakota, USA
- Ballard mine, Treese, Kansas, USA
- Balmat-Edwards District, Governor, St.Lawrence Co., New York, USA
- Barr Mine, Picher, Oklahoma, USA
- Beacon Pole Hill/Iron Mine Hill/Diamond Hill etc, Cumberland Area, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Beer Cellar Mine, Granby, Newton Co., Missouri, USA
- Bergendahl/Davis/Pease/Piper Hill/Tin, Newfield, York Co., Maine, USA
- Betts Manganese Mine, Plainfield, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Betty Baker Mine, Hillsville, Virginia, USA
- Bingham canyon, Salt Lake Co., Utah, USA
- Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Black Butte prospect, Crook Co., Wyoming, USA
- Black Cloud Mine, Leadville District, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
- Black Hawk district, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
- Black Hawk mine, Black Hawk district, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
- Black Rock mine, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Blanchard Mine, Bingham, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Blue Bell Mine, Baker, San Bernardino Co., California, USA
- Boomer Mine i, Laeke George a.rea, Park Co., Colorado, USA
- Booth & Lane Mines, Monroe, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
- Boston-Acton mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Breckenridge, Summit Co., Colorado, USA
- Bristol Copper Mine, Bristol, Hartford Co., Connecticut, USA
- Brooklyn Mine, Cement Creek District, San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Brown-Tipton Mine, Mosheim, Greene Co., Tennessee, USA
- Brushby Creek Mine, Reynolds Co., Missouri, USA
- Buick Mine, Iron Co., Missouri, USA
- Buick/Sweetwater/St.Joe/Missouri/La Motte Mines, Bixby Area mines, Missouri, USA
- Bull Moose/Rice/Victory/Tip Top/White Elephant etc, Custer, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA
- Bullion Mining & Milling mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Bumpass Cove District, Erwin Area, Unicoi Co., Tennessee, USA
- Bunker Hill mine, Kellogg, Shoshone Co., Idaho, USA
- Burro Mountain Area, Central District, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
- Butte General Area, Montana, USA
- C & B Vanadium Mine, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
- Callahan mine, Brooksville, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Callahan, Siskiyou Co., California, USA
- Camp Bird/Dunmore/Monarch Mtn/Portland Mines et., Ouray Area, Ouray Co., Colorado, USA
- Canoe Creek, Blair Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Caribou mine, Caribou district, Grand Island, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
- Carlin Mine, Carlin, Eureka Co., Nevada, USA
- Carmel Antimony mine, Carmel, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Carrsville Area, Livingston Co., Kentucky, USA
- Cartersville district, Bartow Co., Georgia, USA
- Casco mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Castle Dome District, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Central City, Gilpin Co., Colorado, USA
- Central York Mts., West Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA
- Cerro Gordo Mine, Cerro Gordo, Inyo Co., California, USA
- Chalk Mountain Mine, Fallon Area, Churchill Co., Nevada, USA
- Champion-Consolidated mines, Milton, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Chloride mine, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Christmas Mine, Hayden, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
- Cimmaron & Bradley Lodes, Smuggler Vein, Smuggler Union Consolidated mine, Marshall Basin, Telluride District, San Miguel Co., Colorado, USA
- Cincinnati mine, St. Peter's Dome, Pikes Peak Region, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA
- Clegg Mine, Bennett, Chatam Co., North Carolina, USA
- Cleveland mine, Stevens Co., Washington, USA
- Cleveland/Bonanza Mines, Chewelah, Stevens Co., Washington, USA
- Clifton, Tooele Co., Utah, USA
- Climax Mine, Climax, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
- Clubbs Mountain, Alexis, Gaston Co., North Carolina, USA
- Cochetopa Hills Area, Saguache Co., Colorado, USA
- Coeur d'Alene, Mullan Canyon Creek Area, Idaho, USA
- Cole shaft, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Colorado Central Mine, Silverplume/Georgetown District, Clear Creek Co., Colorado, USA
- Commodore Mine, Creede, Mineral Co., Colorado, USA
- Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Storey Co., Nevada, USA
- Conklin quarry, Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Consolidated Hampden mine, Hampden, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Copper Hill Area mines, Ducktown, Polk Co., Tennessee, USA
- Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Copper River District, Kennecott, Alaska, USA
- Copper Rock/Ward District, Nederland, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
- Cornwall, Lebanon Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Courtland-Gleeson District, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Crestmore Quarry, Crestmore, Riverside Co., California, USA
- Crisman, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
- Crystal Pass, Ray, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
- Cuba City, Grant Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Darwin Antimony mine, Inyo Co., California, USA
- Darwin, Inyo Co., California, USA
- Davis Mica mine, West Bath, Sagadahoc Co., Maine, USA
- Davis pyrite mine, Rowe, Franklin Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Davis Silver mine, Hermon, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Deer Isle mine, Deer Isle, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Deering-Acton mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Delmar, Nevada, USA
- Denton mine, Harris Creek District, Hardin Co., Illinois, USA
- Dexter quarry, Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Diamond Hill/Sneech Pond Copper Mines, Cumberland, Rhode Island, USA
- Dirigo mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Dives mine, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA
- Dodge mine, Lyman, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Dorsey Mansion Area, Point of Rocks Mesa, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Dubuque Area, Dubuque Co., Iowa, USA
- Durango, La Plata Co., Colorado, USA
- Durant Tunnel, Aspen Mtn Area, Pitkin Co., Colorado, USA
- Eagle Mine, Bonanza mining district, Saguache Co., Colorado, USA
- East Tintic Mine, Juab Co., Utah, USA
- East Woodstock Silver mine, Woodstock, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Eberle Mine, Cobb, Iowa Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Edgemoggin Silver mine, Sedgwick, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Edwards, Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co., New York, USA
- Einstein Silver Mine, Madison Co., Missouri, USA
- Eldorado Mine, Indio, Riverside Co., California, USA
- Elmrow Farm Silver mine, Parsonsfield, York Co., Maine, USA
- Elmwood mine, Carthage, Smith Co., Tennessee, USA
- Emerson mine, Castine, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Encampment copper district, Carbon Co., Wyoming, USA
- Erie Mine/Enterprise Mine, Austin, Lander Co., Nevada, USA
- Esterbrook copper district, Albany Co., Wyoming, USA
- Estes mine, Baldwin, Cumberland Co., Maine, USA
- Etta Mine (Harney Peak & Pearless), Black Hills, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA
- Evergreen mine, near Apex, Gilpin Co., Colorado, USA
- Faber Zinc Mine, Faber, Albe Marle Co., Virginia, USA
- Faircloth/Dean/Fairfield/Twin Chimney Mines, Munday's Landing, Mercer Co., Kentucky, USA
- Fairfax Quarry, Centreville, Fairfax Co., Virginia, USA
- Fairview Claim, Bear Canyon, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
- Fat Jack mine, Lane Mt., Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
- Fernando Mine/etc, Darwin District, Inyo Co., California, USA
- Flambeau mine, Ladysmith, Rusk Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Flux Mine, Harshaw District, Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, USA
- Foote Spodumene Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland Co., North Carolina, USA
- Forest City mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Fowler mine, Hampden, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Freidensville, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Galena General Area, Jo Davies Co., Illinois, USA
- Galena King Mine, Tijeras Canyon district, Bernalillo Co., New Mexico, USA
- Galena, Jo Daviess Co., Illinois, USA
- Galena/Baxter Springs/Lawton, Cherokee Co., Kansas, USA
- Garret Mountain Quarries, Paterson, Passaic Co., New Jersey, USA
- General Area, Franklin, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
- General Area, Jasper & Newton counties, Missouri, USA
- General Area, Picher/Commerce/Quapaw/Miami/Peoria, Ottowa Co., Oklahoma, USA
- General, West Virginia, USA
- Gillman District, Colorado, USA
- Glove Mine, San Rita Mts., Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, USA
- Gold Hill District, Jackson Co., Oregon, USA
- Goodhope mine, South Pass-Atlantic City gold district, Fremont Co., Wyoming, USA
- Gordonsville zinc Mines, Tennessee, USA
- Grace Mine, Morgantown, Berks Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Grace Walker Mine etc, Picher/Miami, Ottawa Co., Oklahoma, USA
- Granby, Newton Co., Missouri, USA
- Grand Central Mine, Tombstone, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Grand Reef mine, Laurel Canyon, Aravaipa mining distr., Graham Co., Arizona, USA
- Granite Gap, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico, USA
- Grants Mills, Cumberland, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Grey Horse Mine, Kay Spring Canyon, Arizona, USA
- Hamburg Mine, Trigo Mts., Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Hamme Tungsten Mine, Vance Co., North Carolina, USA
- Harriman prospect, Union, Knox Co., Maine, USA
- Harrington Mine, Carmel, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Henderson, Vance Co., North Carolina, USA
- Hercules mine, Penobscot, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Hickey #1 Mine, Hansonburg district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Highland mine, Penobscot, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Hill Top Mine, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Hilltop mine, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Hodge/Columbia/Brown/Old Jim Mines etc, Ohio River Area, Crittenden Co., Kentucky, USA
- Hull & Martin Mines etc, Smyma, York Co., South Carolina, USA
- Hypotheck Mine, Kingston, Shoshone Co., Idaho, USA
- Idarado, San Miguel Co., Colorado, USA
- Ima Mine, Blue Wing District, Lehmi Co., Idaho, USA
- Inexco #1 Mine, Jamestown, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
- Interstate 295 roadcut, Cranston, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Irish Creek Tin Mines, Vesuvius, Rockbridge Co., Virginia, USA
- Iron Blossom Mine, Tintic District, Juab Co., Utah, USA
- Iron Mt. mines, Bartlett, Carroll Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Iron Ridge Mines, Marion Co., Tennessee, USA
- Italian Mt. Area, Aspen, Gunnison Co., Colorado, USA
- Jackson Canyon, Humbolt Range, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA
- Jacksonville, Calhoun Co., Alabama, USA
- Jamestown mine, Tuolumne Co., California, USA
- Jeffrey Quarry, North Little Rock, Pulaski Co., Arkansas, USA
- Jensen Quarry, Riverside Co., California, USA
- Jones mine, Brooksville, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Joplin, Jasper Co., Missouri, USA
- Josephine Creek, Galice District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
- Josephine Horizon, Metaline District, Washington, USA
- Kelley Mine, Magdalena District, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Keyes Mica mines, Orange, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Keystone Quarry, Cornog, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- King Mountain Area, Crowders, Gaston Co., North Carolina, USA
- Kirwin copper district, Park Co., Wyoming, USA
- Kokomo Area mines, Ten Mile District, Summit Co., Colorado, USA
- La Motte/Missouri Cobalt Mine, Fredrick, Madison Co., Missouri, USA
- Laurel Hill (Snake Hill), Secaucus/Bergen Hill Area, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA
- Lawrence mine, Hampden, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Lead Mine, Leverett, Franklin Co., Massachusetts, USA
- lear Creek Canyon, Jefferson Co., Colorado, USA
- Lebanon-Acton mine, Lebanon, York Co., Maine, USA
- Lee Lime quarry, Lee, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Lemitar Mts, Lemitat Mountain district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Levant Antimony mine, Levant, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Liberty Bell and Washington Pass, Okanogan Co., Washington, USA
- Liberty Copper/Dolly Hyde Copper Mines, Libertytown, Fredrick Co., Maryland, USA
- Libson Valley Area, San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Lillian Mining Co., Printerboy Hill, Leadville, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
- Lime Crest Quarry, Sparta, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
- Limeburner prospect, Penobscot, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Little Man mine, Carbon Co., Wyoming, USA
- Little May mine, Lyman, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Lockport Quarry, Lockport, Niagara Co., New York, USA
- Lone Star mine, Woodstock, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Lordsburg, Hildago Co., New Mexico, USA
- Lost River Area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA
- Loudville Lead Mine, Loudville, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Lubec Lead mine, Lubec, Washington Co., Maine, USA
- Madison Lead mine, Madison, Carroll Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Magdalena district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Magma Mine, Superior, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
- Magmont mine, Bixby, Iron Co., Missouri, USA
- Magmount mine, Bixby, Missouri, USA
- Magruder mica Mine, Washington, Wilkes Co., Georgia, USA
- Maine Acton mine, Lebanon, York Co., Maine, USA
- Mamouth Mine, Tiger, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
- Mandan mine, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Manhan Lead Silver Mine, Southampton, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Manhan mines, Easthampton, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Marion/Salem/Princeton, Crittendon Co., Kentucky, USA
- Mary Murphy Mine, Chalk Creek, Chaffee Co., Colorado, USA
- Mascot Mine, Gorham, Coos Co., New Hampshire, USA
- McLaughlin's Ledge, Cumberland, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Memphis Mine, Organ district, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
- Mex-Tex mine, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Mid Continent mine, Miami, Ottawa Co., Oklahoma, USA
- Mid-Continent mine, Treece, Kansas, USA
- Middletown Area, Middlesex Co., Connecticut, USA
- Midnight Mine, Pitkin Co., Colorado, USA
- Millington quarry, Millington, Somerset Co., New Jersey, USA
- Mineral Hill/Weeks-Ham Mines etc, Wakefield, Carroll Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Mineral Park Mine, Ithaca Peak, Mohave Co., Arizona, USA
- Mineral Point, Iowa Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Mineral, Mineral Co., Virginia, USA
- Minerva #1 Mine, Harris Creek District, Hardin Co., Illinois, USA
- Mistake Mine, Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA
- Modoc Mine, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
- Mohawk mine, San Bernardino Co., California, USA
- Monroe, Union Co., North Carolina, USA
- Morefield Mine, Winterham, Amelia Co., Virginia, USA
- Morning Star mine, west of Mogul Peak, Monitor-Mogule district, Alpine Co., California, USA
- Morning Star Mine, Yellville, Marion Co., Arkansas, USA
- Mountain City Copper Mine, Elko Co., Nevada, USA
- Mt Peak pyrite mine, Charlemont, Franklin Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Mt Wilson Area, Ophir, San Miguel Co., Colorado, USA
- Mt. Arat prospect, Phippsburg, Sagadahoc Co., Maine, USA
- Mt. Baldy & Gold Mt., Ohio, Utah, USA
- Mt. Glines mine, Milton, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Murphy, Cherokee Co., North Carolina, USA
- Nay-Fogg mine, West Milan, Coos Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Neihart, Cascade Co., Montana, USA
- Nevel mine, Newry, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- New Cornelia Mine, Ajo, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
- New England Mining & Reduction Comp. prospect, Lyman, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- NJ Zinc Co./Bertha Mine, Austinville, Wythet Co., Virginia, USA
- North Castine mine, Castine, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Nutt, Luna Co., New Mexico, USA
- Okimah, Okfuskee Co., Oklahoma, USA
- Old Guard Mine, Tombstone, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Old Wheatley Mine, Phoenixville, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Old Yuma Mine, Tuscon Area, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
- Ora Mine, Hansonburg district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Ore Hill mine, Warren, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Orogrande, Otero Co., New Mexico, USA
- Osceola Mine, Cunningham Gulch, San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Oxford Silver mine, Milton, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Ozark-Mahoning Mine, Cave-in-rock & Rosiclare, Hardin Co., Illinois, USA
- Paddock Copper mine, Lyman, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Paddock Lead mine, Lyman, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
- Park City & Alta, Clayton Peak, Utah, USA
- Park City, Summit Co., Utah, USA
- Passaic mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
- Patagonia mining district, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, USA
- Peach Bottom Mine, Stratford, Alleghany Co., North Carolina, USA
- Perkins Island Beryl locality, Georgetown, Sagadahoc Co., Maine, USA
- Pikes Peak, Teller Co., Colorado, USA
- Pints Quarry/Waterloo lead and zinc Mines, Dubuque, DubuqueCo., Iowa, USA
- Pittsburg/McClellan Mines, Pope Co., Illinois, USA
- Plymouth, Windsor Co., Vermont, USA
- Porter Lead mine, Porter, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- Portland mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Portland/Vindicator/Golden Cycle etc, Cripple Creek, El Paso Co., Colorado, USA
- Potasi, Washington Co., Missouri, USA
- Potter Cramer property, Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA
- Preble Hill mine, Garland, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Princess mine, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA
- Purple Passion Mine, Wickenberg, Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
- Quabbin Aqueduct, Hardwick, Worcester Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Quarry, Rocky Hill, Somerset Co., New Jersey, USA
- Questa Mine, Taos Co., New Mexico, USA
- Randall Mt. locality, Parsonsfield, York Co., Maine, USA
- Rawley Mine, Thebna, Maricopa Co., Arizona, USA
- Rawley Tunnel Mine, Saguache Co., Colorado, USA
- Ray mine, Pina Co., Arizona, USA
- Red Cloud Mine, Trego Mts., La Paz Co., Arizona, USA
- Redmond Prospect, Haywood Co., North Carolina, USA
- Rico Argentite mine, Rico district, Dolores Co., Colorado, USA
- Riverside Silver mine, Rockport, Knox Co., Maine, USA
- Road Gulch, Fremont Co., Colorado, USA
- Roaring Spring Quarry, Canoe Creek Area, Sinking Valley, Blair Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Rockport Silver mine, Rockport, Knox Co., Maine, USA
- Rockport, Cape Ann, Essex Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Rosiclaire, Hardin Co., Illinois, USA
- Ross/Cameron Mines etc, Gaffney, Cherokee Co., South Carolina, USA
- Rossie lead mines, St. Lawrence Co., New York, USA
- Royal Flush Mine, Hansonburg district, Socorro Co., New Mexico, USA
- Ruth/Consolidated/Pit/Betty Joe Mines, Ely, White Pine Co., Nevada, USA
- Rutherford Mines, Amelia Court House, Virginia, USA
- Sacremento Mines, Mercur, Tooele Co., Utah, USA
- Saratoga Mine, Central City District, Gilpin Co., Colorado, USA
- Sedalia Copper Mine, Sedalia, Chaffee Co., Colorado, USA
- Sheahan Quarry etc, Graniteville, Iron Co., Missouri, USA
- Shellsburg Area mines, Beuton, Lafayette Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Sheridan, Crittendon Co., Kentucky, USA
- Shirley Ann claim, Big Dodd Spring, Ubehebe distr., Inyo Co., California, USA
- Siderite Mine, Roxbury Station, Litchfield Co., Connecticut, USA
- Silver Crown copper district, Laramie Co., Wyoming, USA
- Silver Drift mine, Hampden, Penobscot Co., Maine, USA
- Silver Glance mine, Silent district, Arizona, USA
- Silver Hill Mine, Tuescon arera, Pima Co., Arizona, USA
- Silver Hill, Davidson Co., North Carolina, USA
- Silver King Mine, Superior, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
- Silver Mine, below Iron Mt., Madison Co., Missouri, USA
- Silver Queen Mine, Galena, Lawrence Co., South Dakota, USA
- Silver Wave mine, Acton, York Co., Maine, USA
- Smuggler Mine, Aspen Mtn Area, Pitkin Co., Colorado, USA
- Smuggler Vein, Smuggler Union Consolidated mine, Marshall Basin, Telluride District, San Miguel Co., Colorado, USA
- Snake River/Peru, Montezuma, Summit Co., Colorado, USA
- Sneech Pond Copper mine, Cumberland, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA
- Snowbird/Mary Ellen Mine, Atlantic City District, Fremont Co., Wyoming, USA
- Specialty Minerals quarry, Adams, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Stephenson-Bennett mine, Organ District, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico, USA
- Sterling Hill and Franklin Furnace, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
- Stinkingwater copper district, Park Co., Wyoming, USA
- Stockbridge Valley Brown Iron Ore District, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Stone Mine, Leadville District, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
- Summit Mine, Broadwater Co., Montana, USA
- Sumpter, Baker Co., Oregon, USA
- Sunburst Mine, Surry, Hancock Co., Maine, USA
- Sunlight copper district, Park Co., Wyoming, USA
- Sunnybrook Mine, Cherry Creek district, Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
- Sunnyside mine, Silverton Mining District, Howardsville, San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Sunshine mine, Kellogg, Shoshone Co., Idaho, USA
- Sweet Home Mine, Alma District, Park Co., Colorado, USA
- Sweetwater Mine, Ellington, Reynolds Co., Missouri, USA
- Tanner Bay, Loveland Mtn Area, Park Co., Colorado, USA
- Telluride District, San Miguel Co., Colorado, USA
- Thomaston Dam Railroad Cut, Thomaston, Litchfield Co., Connecticut, USA
- Tilcon Capaldi quarry, Acushnet, Bristol Co., Massachusetts, USA
- Tintic Standard mine, Dividend, Utah Co., Utah, USA
- Tombstone, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
- Treadwell Mine, Douglas Island opposite Junea City, SE Juneau Area, Alaska, USA
- Tri-State District, Missouri, USA
- Tungsten Mine, Trumbull, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
- Tuscarora mine, near Randolph, Crawford Mts, Rich Co., Utah, USA
- Tybo, Utah, USA
- Union Copper/Pioneers/Cosley's/McMalzin's etc, Area mines, Cabarrus Co., North Carolina, USA
- United Verde Copper Co., Jerome, Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
- Urad Mine, Berthoud Falls, Clear Creek Co., Colorado, USA
- Van Stone Mine Area, Stevens Co., Washington, USA
- Waldo District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
- Wallace Stone Plant, Bayport, Huron Co., Michigan, USA
- Wallace/Dixon Eutis/Southern Mines etc, Kings Creek, Cherokee County, South Carolina, USA
- Warren Nickel prospect, Warren, Knox Co., Maine, USA
- Washington, Litchfield Co., Connecticut, USA
- Watchung Mountain Quarries, Mountainside, Union Co., New Jersey, USA
- Wausau Plateau, Rib Mountain, Marathon Co., Wisconsin, USA
- Werley Mine, Werley, Grant Co., Wisconsin, USA
- West York, York Co., Pennsylvania, USA
- Western Union mine, Cerbat Mts, Mohave Co., Arizona, USA
- Westmorelan, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire, USA
- White Mt. Silver & Lead mine, Shelburne, Coos Co., New Hampshire, USA
- White Pine mine, Ontonagan Co., Michigan, USA
- White Raven Mine, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
- Wilkerson Pass Area, Park Co., Colorado, USA
- Winslow Tin mine, Winslow, Kennebec Co., Maine, USA
- Wood River District, Hailey, Blaine Co., Idaho, USA
- Woodford & Mercer Co., Kentucky, USA
- Woodstock mine, Woodstock, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
- York County mine, Lebanon, York Co., Maine, USA
- Zaca (Advance/Colorado/Tarshish) mine, Colorado Hill, Monitor-Mogul district, Alpine Co., California, USA
- Zaca Mine, Monitor-Mogal District, Alpine Co., California, USA
- Zinc Hill Mine, Darwin Area, Inyo Co., California, USA
- Zinc Mines, Timberville, Virginia, USA
- Zuni mine, Silverton Mining District, Howardsville, San Juan Co., Colorado, USA
- Aberffrwdd Mine, Devil's Bridge, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Dyfed, Wales
- Brynarian Mine, Talybont, Llangynfelyn, Dyfed, Wales
- Brynyrafr Mine, Talybont, Trefeirig, Dyfed, Wales
- Bute Quarry, South Glamorgan, Wales
- Bwlch Glas Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Bwlch Mine (Deganwy), Llandudno, Gwynedd, Wales
- Bwlchrehennaid Mine (Level Newydd), Goginan, Tirymynach, Dyfed, Wales
- Camdwrbach Mine, Ponterwyd, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Castell Carn Dochan, Llanuwchilyn, Gwynedd, Wales
- Cerig Yr Wyn Mine, Penbontrhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Dyfed, Wales
- Cwmsymlog Mine, Ponterwyd, Dyfed, Wales
- Darren Mine, Penbontrhydybeddau, Parcel Canol, Dyfed, Wales
- Dolyhir Quarry, Powys, Wales
- Drws-y-Coed mine, Llandwrog, Gwynedd, Wales
- Dyfngwm mine, Penegoes, Powys, Wales
- Dylife Mine, Dylife, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales
- Erglodd mine, Talybont, Llangynfelyn, Dyfed, Wales
- Esclusham Mountain, Minera, Wales
- Esgair Hir mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Esgair Mwyn Mine, Ysbyty Ystwyth, Upper Gwnnws,Dyfed, Wales
- Florida Mine, Pontrhydfendigaid, Dyfed, Wales
- Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Dyfed, Wales
- Geufron Mine, Llanidloes, Powys, Wales
- Glogfawr Mine, Ysbyty Ystwyth, Dyfed, Wales
- Gwaith Yr Afon mine, Penbontrhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Dyfed, Wales
- Hafan Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Hendre Felen Mine, Ysbyty Ystwyth, Dyfed, Wales
- Henfwlch Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Llangynog Mine, Llangynog, Powys, Wales
- Llechwedd Helyg mine, Tir-y-Mynach, Dyfed, Wales
- Llettyhen Mine (Vaughan), Bontgoch, Tirymynach, Dyfed, Wales
- Llywernog Mine, Ponterwyd, Dyfed, Wales
- Machen Quarry, Machen, Mid Glamorgan, Wales
- Minera (mines), Wrexham, Wales
- Mynydd Gorddu Mine, Bontgoch, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Nant Helen opencast coal mine, Neath, Wales
- Nant-y-Cagel mine (Eagle Brook), Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Nant-y-Car Mine, Rhayader, Powys, Wales
- Nantymwyn Mine, Rhandirmwyn, Llandovery, Dyfed, Wales
- Parys Mountain mine, Anglesey, Wales
- Pen-y-clun mine, Llanidloes, Dyfed, Wales
- Penbontbren Mine, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales
- Penrhyn Du Mine, Nr. Abersoch, Gwynedd, Wales
- The Van mine, Llanidloes, Powys, Wales
- Trecastell Mine, Conway, Gwynedd, Wales
- Van Mine, Llanidloes, Powys, Wales
- Wyndham Colliery, Ogmore Vale, Mid Glamorgan, Wales
- Kipushi mine, Lubumbashi, Shaba, Zaire
- Broken Hill mine, Kabwe, Zambia
Usos y apliaciones
La galena es la principal mena de plomo y una de las más importantes menas de plata (galena argentÃfera). El plomo se empleó hasta hace pocas décadas para la fabricación de tuberÃas, aunque en la actualidad ha sido sustituido por el cobre y diversos plásticos, asà como antidetonante en la gasolina, donde ha sido sustituido por otros aditivos. Actualmente sigue utilizándose en la fabricación de baterÃas, pinturas, materiales de soldadura, perdigones y balas, y como aislante de radiaciones, etc. El plomo se utiliza como aislante en las dependencias donde existen aparatos que emiten Rayos X, y en los delantales que utilizan sus usuarios, para protegerse de estas radiaciones.
BibliografÃa y más información
- Acta Crystallographica, vol. C43, p.1443(s), (1987)
- Mineral and Gem encyclopedia, p.155, (1982)
- Dana, 7th Edition, vol. 1, p.200, (1944)